Mining impacts and rehabilitation
- Mine water balances must account for competing uses and dewatering
- Disturbed mine surfaces increase sediment runoff
- Oxidation of exposed sulphide minerals can generate acidic drainage
- Acidic drainage can mobilise metals into water
- Tailings containment needs lasting physical stability
- Associated infrastructure extends the habitat footprint of a mine
- Preserving topsoil supports mine-site rehabilitation
- Mine rehabilitation begins before extraction ends
- Closure costs require funding provision during mine planning
- Pollution monitoring and controls can remain necessary after mine closure