Civil Services Prepby Garima Malik & Nitin Sangwan

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Environment, Ecology and Climate
Habitats, ecological boundaries and degradation
Coral reef processes and stresses

UPSC · Prelims and Mains

Environment, Ecology and Climate

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Environment, Ecology and Climate

Organisms, populations and ecological relationships
Ecosystem structure and functioning
Habitats, ecological boundaries and degradation
Biodiversity loss and conservation
Air pollution and noise
Water pollution, soil contamination and environmental health
Waste management and cleaner production
Climate change, mitigation and adaptation
International environmental cooperation
Environmental assessment and sustainable development
Indian conservation law and biodiversity access
Environmental clearances, forest diversion and remedies

← Habitats, ecological boundaries and degradation

Coral reef processes and stresses

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Hard-coral skeletons accumulate into reef structures
Reef-coral algal symbiosis exchanges resources
Coral bleaching is stress-related loss of symbiotic algae
Ocean carbon uptake reduces carbonate availability for reef growth

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