Oil-spill impacts and response trade-offs
- Oil coating damages insulation and movement
- Oil compounds harm organisms through toxic exposure
- Mechanical recovery collects oil but has operating limits
- Chemical dispersants break surface oil into smaller droplets
- Oil-spill response redistributes exposure across habitats
- Ports and petroleum infrastructure create coastal oil-spill exposure
- Sensitive Indian coastal habitats and livelihoods increase spill consequences
- Oil-spill response divides marine, port and shoreline responsibilities