Geomorphic processes, weathering and mass movement
- Endogenic and exogenic forces; gradation, degradation and aggradation
- Diastrophism: orogenic and epeirogenic movements, earthquakes and volcanism as endogenic processes
- Physical weathering
- Chemical weathering
- Biological weathering and the role of climate in weathering
- Mass movements
- Erosion, transportation and deposition by geomorphic agents
- Significance of weathering: soil formation, enrichment of ores, biomes