Mechanism of the Indian monsoon
- Differential heating, the monsoon trough and the northward shift of the ITCZ
- Tibetan plateau heating, withdrawal of the subtropical westerly jet, tropical easterly jet, Somali jet and Mascarene high
- Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches; orographic rain on the Western Ghats and the north-east
- El Nino, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation; Walker circulation; link to Indian monsoon rainfall
- Indian Ocean Dipole: sea-surface temperature difference between western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean; can modulate El Nino's effect
- Ocean Mean Temperature and other IMD long-range forecast predictors