UPSC · Prelims and Mains
Indian and World Geography
← India: drainage and water resourcesDrainage systems of India: concepts and evolution
- Drainage basin, catchment, watershed and divide; classification by size and origin
- Himalayan versus Peninsular rivers: perennial flow, gorges and meanders, deltas versus estuaries, age
- Antecedent (Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra) and superimposed drainage
- Evolution: the Indobrahm or Shiwalik river and its dismemberment into Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra
- Pleistocene shifts between Indus and Ganga systems: palaeo-Sarasvati, Yamuna and Sutlej capture, river dolphin evidence
- Evolution of Peninsular drainage: subsidence of the western flank, Narmada and Tapi rift valleys, tilting to the east
