UPSC · Prelims and Mains
Ancient and Medieval History, Art and Culture
← Early medieval north India (750 to 1200)Indian feudalism, land and rural economy
- Indian feudalism: land grants, samantas, lord-vassal relationship, decentralised authority; the debate on its existence
- Village officers mahattara and pattakila; grama, khetas, and the headman's role
- Araghatta: the wheel with pots (Persian wheel prototype) for irrigation; tanks and wells
- Hundi as a bill of exchange, revival of trade after 1000 CE, Banjaras as itinerant traders, Arab trade on the west coast
- Agrarian expansion, land grants to temples and brahmanas, proliferation of jatis
