UPSC · Prelims and Mains
Ancient and Medieval History, Art and Culture
← Post-Mauryan India and the Sangam ageCrafts, guilds and trade (200 BCE to 300 CE)
- Guilds (shreni): fixed wages, rules, standards and prices; judicial powers over members; banking role; not state-registered
- Indo-Roman trade: Periplus, monsoon route, Arikamedu, Roman coin hoards, spices, textiles, Bharuch and Sopara
- Silk Route linkages, Taxila, Mathura, Ujjain; peak of ancient urbanisation
- Dynastic coinage: Indo-Greek portraits, Kushana gold, Satavahana lead; monetisation
