Prelims 2021 · Economy · Question 7
Consider the following:<br/>1. Foreign currency convertible bonds<br/>2. Foreign institutional investment with certain conditions<br/>3. Global depository receipts<br/>4. Non-resident external deposits<br/><br/>Which of the above can be included in Foreign Direct Investments?
Answer
1, 2 and 3
1. Foreign currency convertible bonds — FCCBs are treated as capital inflows linked to foreign investment and are counted under FDI-related components in standard Indian external sector classification. Verdict: Included.
2. Foreign institutional investment with certain conditions — FII is normally portfolio investment, not FDI; but where it satisfies the prescribed conditions/threshold for strategic ownership, it can be treated within FDI. Verdict: Included with conditions.
3. Global depository receipts — GDR proceeds represent foreign investment in equity of Indian companies and are included in FDI-related inflows in this context. Verdict: Included.
4. Non-resident external deposits — NRE deposits are banking liabilities/debt flows, not direct investment in productive assets. Verdict: Not included.
Therefore, the correct set is 1, 2 and 3.