Civil Services Prep

Prelims 2023 · Science and Technology · Question 28

Consider the following statements: 1. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperature above the boiling point of water. 2. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperature below the freezing point of water. 3. Some microorganisms can grow in highly acidic environment with a pH below 3. How many of the above statements are correct?

  1. Only one
  2. Only two
  3. All three
  4. None

Answer

All three

1. Above 100°C: Correct. Hyperthermophilic microorganisms (especially archaea) are known to grow in hydrothermal vents and similar high-pressure environments at temperatures above the boiling point of water.

2. Below 0°C: Correct. Psychrophilic microorganisms can grow in polar ice, glaciers, and brines where liquid water exists even below the normal freezing point.

3. pH below 3: Correct. Acidophilic microorganisms thrive in highly acidic environments such as acid hot springs and mine drainage, often at pH well below 3.

Hence, all three statements are correct.

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