Which of the following are associated with 'Planning' in India? 1. The Finance Commission 2. The National Development Council 3. The Union Ministry of Rural Development 4. The Union Ministry of Urban Development 5. The Parliament. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Re-examined: UPSC is using planning in the institutional/constitutional sense, not every body/ministry that implements schemes.

1. Finance Commission — It is a constitutional body for tax devolution and grants, not a planning body. It is associated with finance, not with formulation/approval of plans. Verdict: Not counted.

2. National Development Council — It was a key planning institution, meant to approve and review national plans and involve States. Verdict: Associated.

3. Union Ministry of Rural Development — It is a line ministry implementing sectoral programmes; it is not an institution of national planning. Verdict: Not counted.

4. Union Ministry of Urban Development — Same logic: a sectoral ministry, not a planning body. Verdict: Not counted.

5. Parliament — Plans were discussed and plan outlays were authorized through budgetary processes; in UPSC's framing, it is associated with the planning process. Verdict: Associated.

Hence, only 2 and 5 are counted as associated with 'Planning' in India.