Partition: Radcliffe award, violence and displacement
- Boundary Commissions for Punjab and Bengal under Cyril Radcliffe to delimit the India-Pakistan boundary on contiguous majority areas and other factors; award announced 17 August 1947
- Punjab and Bengal killings, about fifteen million displaced, refugee camps, abducted women and recovery operations
- Gandhis last fasts and assassination
- Failure to win Muslim masses, League's direct action, fear of civil war, Mountbatten's deadline, Congress leadership's reasoning
- Nehru-Liaquat (Delhi) Pact April 1950 on minorities in both states