Press regulation, Vernacular Press Act and the Ilbert Bill
- Early press laws
- Lytton's Vernacular Press Act against Indian-language papers, Amrita Bazar Patrika switching to English, repeal by Ripon 1882
- Press acts 1908 1910 and later
- Ilbert Bill on Indian magistrates trying Europeans, the European agitation and its lesson for Indian political organisation
- Arms Act 1878 and other discriminatory laws that fed early nationalist grievance
- Nationalist newspapers: editors, public-service publishing, collective reading and political education