Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford reforms) and dyarchy
- The Montford reforms proposed staged responsible government
- Provincial dyarchy divided executive responsibility between reserved and transferred subjects
- Devolution Rules demarcating central and provincial subjects; bicameral central legislature (Council of State, Legislative Assembly) with direct election
- Property-based franchise for about ten percent of adult men; separate electorates extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans; women's vote left to provinces (Madras 1921 first); separate electorates used to counter nationalism and draw communities to the state
- High Commissioner for India in London, Public Service Commission to be set up (1926), statutory commission after ten years, Governor-General's certification and ordinance powers
- Congress calls the reforms inadequate and disappointing; dyarchy unworkable; Muddiman Committee 1924