Modern Indian History

Subsidiary alliance, doctrine of lapse and the annexations of 1843 to 1856

• Wellesley's subsidiary alliance: British force at the ally's expense, no other Europeans, no independent foreign relations, a Resident
• Dalhousie's doctrine of lapse and the states it took: Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur
• Awadh annexed on the plea of misgovernment; Summary Settlement 1856 treated taluqdars as outsiders and settled with villages
• Sindh and punjab
• The Resident system, Company control of princely succession and the vocabulary of paramountcy before 1858
• British Afghan frontier policy: Auckland forward policy, Lawrence masterly inactivity, Lytton proud reserve and Curzon
• Ring-fence and buffer-state policy: Company frontier security, protected neighbours and the transition to paramountcy
• British relations with Nepal, Burma and Tibet: wars, frontier treaties, commercial and strategic interests