← Opposition parties: origins, programmes and leadersBharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra and Congress for DemocracyFind a topicSearchBharatiya Jana Sangh: formation in 1951 under Shyama Prasad MukherjeeSwatantra Party: formation in 1959 under C. Rajagopalachari, with N.G. Ranga and Minoo MasaniCongress for Democracy: Jagjivan Ram’s breakaway in the 1977 election