Modern Indian History

Navnirman in Gujarat, Bihar movement and Jayaprakash Narayan's Total Revolution, railway strike 1974, Allahabad High Court judgment 12 June 1975, Emergency 25 June 1975, 42nd Amendment

• The Gujarat movement challenged the State government
• The Bihar movement and Jayaprakash Narayan demanded systemic change
• The Allahabad election judgment intensified the political crisis
• The 1975 Emergency expanded executive control
• Emergency censorship and detention restricted civil liberties