Paramountcy, the Chamber of Princes and the Butler Committee
- Crown paramountcy over about 560 states, subordinate isolation then subordinate union under Curzon, Political Department and Residents
- Chamber of Princes (Narendra Mandal) inaugurated 1921 under the Montford scheme as a consultative body
- Indian States (Butler) Committee 1927-29 to examine relations between the paramount power and the states; declared paramountcy must remain paramount and states' relations were with the Crown
- Princes' accession as the condition for the 1935 federation and their refusal