Prarthana Samaj, Phule and reform in western India
- Paramahansa mandali and prarthana samaj
- Jyotiba Phule: Satyashodhak Samaj 1873, Gulamgiri, anti-caste and anti-Brahman movement in Maharashtra, girls' schools with Savitribai
- Gopal Baba Walangkar, Vital-Vidhvansak 1888, the first journal addressed to untouchables
- M.G. Ranade's reform circle, Deccan Education Society 1884, Fergusson College, widow remarriage association
- Gokhale's Servants of India Society 1905 and its constructive-liberal reform work