Modern Indian History

Indian National Army, INA trials and the 1946 upsurge

• Bose's escape January 1941, Germany, Singapore 1943, Indian Independence League with Rash Behari Bose, Provisional Government of Azad Hind 21 October 1943
• INA formed 1942 under Mohan Singh from prisoners of war, reorganised under Bose, Rani Jhansi regiment, Imphal and Kohima 1944, surrender 1945
• Red Fort trial of Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sahgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, defended by Bhulabhai Desai and others, sentences remitted after public outcry
• Royal Indian Navy ratings' revolt February 1946 on HMIS Talwar in Bombay, Karachi, spread and surrender on Patel's and Jinnah's advice
• Calcutta November 1945 and February 1946 demonstrations, strikes, Tebhaga and Telangana; Congress prefers negotiation