Polity and Constitution

President: executive, legislative, ordinance and pardoning powers

• Executive power vested in the President, exercised through ministers (Art. 53, 74)
• Presidential assent to parliamentary bills
• Ordinance conditions and constitutional controls
• Clemency: forms, jurisdiction and limits
• Formal executive action and presidential information
• Presidential relations with Parliament
• Constitutional position after the 42nd and 44th Amendments