Consider the following international agreements: 1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3. The World Heritage Convention. Which of the above has/have a bearing on the biodiversity?

1. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture — It deals with conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources, which are a core part of agricultural biodiversity. Verdict: Has a bearing on biodiversity.

2. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification — Desertification affects ecosystems, land productivity, and biological diversity in drylands; the convention therefore relates to biodiversity conservation. Verdict: Has a bearing on biodiversity.

3. World Heritage Convention — It protects natural heritage sites of outstanding universal value, including biodiversity-rich ecosystems and habitats. Verdict: Has a bearing on biodiversity.

Since all three agreements relate to conservation of biological resources/ecosystems, the correct answer is (d) 1, 2 and 3.