Economically, one of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the

• (a) Increase in the export of Indian handicrafts — Incorrect. British rule led to deindustrialization; Indian handicrafts declined due to competition from machine-made British goods.
• (b) Growth in the number of Indian owned factories — Incorrect. Some modern industries emerged later, but this was not a major general result of 19th-century British rule.
• (c) Commercialization of Indian agriculture — Correct. British revenue policies and global market integration pushed farmers toward cash crops like cotton, indigo, jute, and opium.
• (d) Rapid increase in the urban population — Incorrect. India remained overwhelmingly rural in the 19th century; urbanization was limited, not rapid.

Therefore, the correct answer is (c).