Civil Services Prep

Prelims 2023 · Ancient History · Question 4

Which one of the following explains the practice of 'Vattakirutal' as mentioned in Sangam poems?

  1. Kings employing women bodyguards
  2. Learned persons assembling in royal courts to discuss religious and philosophical matters
  3. Young girls keeping watch over agricultural fields and driving away birds and animals
  4. A king defeated in a battle committing ritual suicide by starving himself to death

Answer

A king defeated in a battle committing ritual suicide by starving himself to death

  • (a) Kings employing women bodyguards — This is not the meaning of Vattakirutal. No Sangam usage identifies it with female royal guards. Verdict: Incorrect.
  • (b) Learned persons assembling in royal courts — This describes scholarly or courtly discussion, not Vattakirutal. Verdict: Incorrect.
  • (c) Young girls guarding fields from birds/animals — This relates to agrarian activity, not the Sangam practice called Vattakirutal. Verdict: Incorrect.
  • (d) A king defeated in battle committing ritual suicide by starving himself to death — Vattakirutal in Sangam literature refers to sitting facing north and fasting unto death, often associated with a defeated or dishonoured king. Verdict: Correct.
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