The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance. Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard.

The United Nations (UN) has grown from 51 founding members to 193, but its Security Council has only 15 members, with five permanent powers from 1945. East-West rivalry is a major barrier to reform, though not the only one. East-West policy confrontations appear in the following forms: This rivalry creates a constitutional lock. Under Article 108 of the UN Charter, an amendment needs approval by two-thirds of members and ratification by all five permanent members. Each can block an unfavourable reform. Moreover, seven draft resolutions were vetoed in 2024—the highest number since 1986, showing how rivalry weakens trust. However, blaming only East-West confrontation is incomplete: **Shared privilege:** All five permanent members benefit from the present system and hesitate to share power. **Regional divisions:** The **Group of Four—India, Brazil, Germany and Japan—**seeks permanent seats, while the **Uniting for Consensus group** opposes them.