Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy, and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries. How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years?

Energy security means reliable, affordable and diversified supply. It strongly shapes Indian diplomacy because the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) reported 88.2% crude-oil import dependence in 2024-25. Trade, diaspora, security and connectivity reinforce it. Energy security drives foreign policy and influence through three channels: **Economic necessity:** Supply disruption or high prices increase inflation, the import bill and pressure on the rupee. India must therefore maintain close relations with Gulf producers and states along important sea routes. **Strategic freedom:** Diversified supplies reduce pressure from wars, sanctions and rival blocs. Energy needs consequently shape India’s balancing among Gulf states, Iran, Russia and the United States. **Market-based influence:** India offers producers a large, dependable market. The **Ministry of External Affairs Annual Report 2024** records over **$162 billion in India-Gulf Cooperation Council trade** and **9.3 million Indians** in the Gulf.