Geography

Concepts to cover

1. Erosion types: sheet, rill, gully and ravine erosion; wind erosion
2. Causes: deforestation, overgrazing, mining, faulty ploughing, construction
3. Slope methods: contour ploughing, contour bunding, terrace cultivation
4. Shelter belts, strip cropping, mulching, stubble retention, check dams
5. Integrated soil conservation: land capability, land-use maps, local conditions and community participation
6. Soil degradation: declining fertility and nutrients, erosion and loss of soil depth