Geography

Concepts to cover

1. Differential heating, the monsoon trough and the northward shift of the ITCZ
2. Tibetan plateau heating, withdrawal of the subtropical westerly jet, tropical easterly jet, Somali jet and Mascarene high
3. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches; orographic rain on the Western Ghats and the north-east
4. El Nino, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation; Walker circulation; link to Indian monsoon rainfall
5. Indian Ocean Dipole: sea-surface temperature difference between western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean; can modulate El Nino's effect
6. Ocean Mean Temperature and other IMD long-range forecast predictors