Geography

Concepts to cover

1. Tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests: over 200 cm rainfall; Western Ghats, north-eastern states, Andaman and Nicobar
2. Tropical moist and dry deciduous (monsoon) forests: sal, teak; the most widespread type
3. Tropical thorn forests and scrub: below 50 cm rainfall; babul, khejri
4. Montane forests: Himalayan wet temperate, oak and conifer belts, alpine pastures (bugyals, margs); southern montane sholas
5. Littoral and swamp forests: mangroves of Sundarbans, Bhitarkanika, Godavari-Krishna delta, Pichavaram, Gulf of Kachchh, Andaman
6. Andaman and Nicobar: mangrove, evergreen and deciduous forest together
7. Natural vegetation: spontaneous plant communities and controls from rainfall, temperature, soils and relief