Geography

Concepts to cover

1. Spatial pattern: heavy rainfall areas (west coast, north-east), decrease from east to west in the plains, dry Rajasthan and Ladakh, Deccan rain shadow
2. Variability of rainfall: high in low-rainfall areas, floods and droughts
3. IMD meteorological subdivisions and the Long Period Average categories (excess, normal, deficient)
4. Orographic effects: Western Ghats windward and leeward, Meghalaya funnel, Himalaya foothills