UPSC Prelims · General Studies

Ancient, medieval & culture

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Indian art and culture / Architecture

The stupa: form, types and major sites

Stupa as pre-Buddhist burial mound adopted by Buddhism; relic repository; votive and commemorative types
Anda, harmika, chhatra, yashti, vedika, torana, medhi, pradakshina patha
Sanchi (Ashoka core, Shunga railings, Satavahana toranas; UNESCO) and Bharhut (Shunga, now at Kolkata)
Amaravati in the lower Krishna valley (Satavahana, Ikshvaku; limestone drum slabs) and Nagarjunakonda
Piprahwa, Dhamekh (Sarnath), Kesariya, Bavikonda, Kanganahalli, Sannati; Mahabodhi temple Bodh Gaya