UPSC Prelims · General Studies

Ancient, medieval & culture

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History of India: ancient and medieval / Vijayanagara, Bahmani and the Deccan sultanates

Vijayanagara state, economy and society

Nayankara and amaram tenure, military chiefs, forts and the Amara-nayakas
Ayagar system of village functionaries and local administration
Land tax by land quality, industries tax on workshops, taxes on professions; fanam and varaha coins
Nicolo Conti, Abdur Razzaq, Paes, Nuniz and Barbosa on the city, court and women's roles
Hampi: sacred centre, royal centre, Mahanavami dibba, Lotus Mahal, elephant stables, water works (UNESCO)
Horse imports from Arabia and Central Asia, Portuguese traders and the political importance of cavalry
Vijayanagara royal titles, Hindu Suratrana and political-cultural interaction with the sultanates