UPSC Prelims · General Studies

Ancient, medieval & culture

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Indian art and culture / Architecture

Vesara and Deccan temples: Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Hoysala, Kakatiya

Nagara, Dravida and Vesara as the three main styles of Indian temple architecture
Pattadakal (UNESCO): Virupaksha (Dravida), Papanatha and Galaganatha (Nagara), Sangameshvara; Chalukya hybrid experiments
Kailasa temple at Ellora (Krishna I): monolithic rock-cut Dravida temple
Hoysala: Chennakeshava Belur, Hoysaleshvara Halebid, Keshava Somnathpur; stellate plan, soapstone, lathe-turned pillars; Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (UNESCO 2023)
Kakatiya: Ramappa (Rudreshwara) temple at Palampet with floating bricks (UNESCO 2021), Thousand Pillar temple Hanamkonda