Ancient, medieval & culture

Concepts to cover

1. The six systems in pairs: Nyaya and Vaisheshika, Sankhya and Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta; founders Gautama, Kanada, Kapila, Patanjali, Jaimini, Badarayana
2. Sankhya: dualism of purusha and prakriti, evolution of tattvas, accepts rebirth and karma, liberation by self-knowledge (viveka) without an external agent or god
3. Yoga's eight limbs and Ishvara; Nyaya logic and pramanas; Vaisheshika atomism and categories
4. Purva Mimamsa on Vedic ritual as eternal and authoritative; Vedanta sub-schools: Advaita (Shankara), Vishishtadvaita (Ramanuja), Dvaita (Madhva), Dvaitadvaita (Nimbarka), Shuddhadvaita (Vallabha), Achintya Bhedabheda (Chaitanya)
5. Heterodox: Charvaka or Lokayata materialism (Brihaspati), Ajivikas (Makkhali Gosala, niyati, Barabar caves), Kapalika and Kalamukha Shaiva tantric orders