UPSC Prelims · General Studies

Ancient, medieval & culture

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History of India: ancient and medieval / Mahajanapadas, Magadha and the Mauryas

Second urbanisation, coins and towns

Northern Black Polished Ware towns of the middle Ganga plain: Rajagriha, Shravasti, Kaushambi, Champa
Punch-marked silver coins (kahapana) and the earliest coin references in Pali texts (nikkha, kamsa, kakanika)
Setthis, gahapatis, trade routes and the transition to a money economy
Bali and bhaga as regular taxes, standing armies and the emergence of state structure